New type of taste bud is discovered that detects almost all flavours - Daily Mail

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New type of taste bud cell discovered on tongues that can detect sour, sweet, bitter and umami flavours all at the same time

• Most taste bud cells can only detect a narrow band of flavours and not all of them
• But cells found in mice are responsive to  sweet, sour, umami and bitter tastes
• Believed the newly-discovered taste cells  have two different signalling pathways to respond to various stimuli 

By Joe Pinkstone For Mailonline

Published: 19:00 BST, 13 August 2020 | Updated: 19:17 BST, 13 August 2020

Our mouths may be home to a multi-tasking taste bud cell that can identify four different flavours.  

Most known taste bud cells can only register a specific taste, either bitter, sweet and unami; or sour and salty. 

But the newly-discovered versatile cells are able to spot sweet, sour, umami and bitter tastes, an unheard of level of variety.  

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Most known taste bud cells can only register a specific taste, either bitter, sweet and unami; or sour and salty. But the newly-discovered versatile cells are able to spot almost all of them (Stock)

Taste buds are made up of three types of cells which collectively create what we experience when we eat. 

Type I cells acts as support cells; Type II cells detect bitter, sweet and umami tastes; and Type III cells detect sour and salty flavors.

But studies on mice reveal a previously unknown subset of Type III cells which are 'broadly responsive' to all flavours. 

These cells have two different signalling pathways which allow them to respond to sourness one way and sweet, bitter and umami stimuli using another.

Taste buds are made up of three types of cells which collectively create what we experience when we eat. Type I cells acts as support cells; Type II cells detect bitter, sweet and umami tastes; and Type III cells detect sour and salty flavors (pictured, a diagram showing the traditional understanding) 

This offers the first physical evidence of a broad-scope taste bud to back up several theories. 

Although their contribution to the sense of sense can not yet be quantified, it is expected to be significant.   

Their discovery provides new insight into how taste information is sent to the brain for processing, and suggests that taste buds are far more complex than we currently appreciate.

'Taste cells can be either selective or generally responsive to stimuli which is similar to the cells in the brain that process taste information,' commented author Dr Kathryn Medler, of the University of Buffalo.

'Future experiments will be focused on understanding how broadly responsive taste cells contribute to taste coding.'

The research was published in the journal PLOS Genetics. 

Adding MSg to healthy foods makes them tastier, study finds  

Putting MSG in grains and vegetables will improve the flavour and encourage healthier eating as people won't add as much salt to their food, researchers claim.

A new study by researchers from the University of California, Davis, investigated the impact that substituting salt for monosodium glutamate (MSG) - an umami seasoning - can have on encouraging people to eat more healthy food.

They found it can be used to significantly reduce sodium while also promoting the enjoyment of better-for-you foods like grains and vegetables.

Researchers claim people consume too much salt and have misperceptions about the taste of nutritious foods - creating a barrier to healthy eating. 

In the study, volunteers tasted four recipes where salt was reduced by adding MSG and dishes were described as 'flavourful', 'delicious', and 'balanced'.

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